2024新课标I卷
1. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇]
We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while 引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语We一致，且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。完整的状语从句为：while we are conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection。
2. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。
翻译：纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要思维抽象的任务时——比如从文本中推断出信息。
3. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]
According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset, which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。
翻译：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
4. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇]
These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable?
分析：本句是一个并列复合句。前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data ; 后半句中的since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。
翻译：现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗?
5. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇]
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
分析： 本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset ...为分词短语作状语， how引导宾语从句作test的宾语。
翻译：Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
6. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇]
This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
分析： 本句是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句修饰先行词the people, recording ... nearby为分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists 。
翻译：这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
7. [2024新课标I卷七选五]
Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
分析：本句是一个并列复合句。but连接两个分句。在后半个分句中，包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词pages。
翻译：当然，如今虽然有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但我还是足够守旧，更喜欢硬皮封面和可以用手指翻阅的页面。
8. [2024新课标I卷完形填空]
Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为I decided that 。Between ... and… 为介词短语作状语，其中making my achievement seem small为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the girl；that引导的宾语从句中，the reason (that) ... 表示的原因/理由”。
翻译：那个女孩让我觉得自己的成就微不足道，加上慢跑让我感觉无聊，我决定以后再也不跑步了，除非有一只大狗追着我跑！
9. [2024新课标I卷语法填空]
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句为the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road…，by which是“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词the ancient Silk Road。
翻译：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园将带领游客体验受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过这条丝绸之路首次来到英国的。
2024新课标Ⅱ卷
10. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解A篇]
Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。该句中who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是Those。
翻译：着装不得体者将被拒绝参加。
11. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇]
“You enter the fare gates and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, ｏｒ a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是a kiosk；tells后是省略了that的宾语从句；the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit是Alicia Trost的同位语；known as BART是过去分词短语作后置定语。
翻译：旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)的首席通讯官Alicia Trost说：“你进入检票口，就会看到一个亮着灯的亭子，它告诉你可以选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。”
12. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解B篇]
We wanted to do something where we do a ｃａｌｌ to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是：We wanted to do something ; where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 something，说明其具体内容，即发起一个呼吁。不定式短语to submit stories for a contest作目的状语，说明发起呼吁的目的，即让艺术家提交故事参加比赛。
翻译：我们想要做一些事情，即向湾区的艺术家发起呼吁，让他们提交故事参加比赛。
13.[2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇]
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。having a system in the same building为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means为句子谓语。
翻译：此外，在同一楼内的这一系统(从种植到食用)意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。
14. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇]
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic; making for ... as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌人两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词guide。
翻译：她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
15. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇]
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
分析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中包含一个限制性定语从句that powers AI，修饰先行词the computer code。
翻译：这本书如果落入不当之手，可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。
16. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇]
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，moving from... to... 为V-ing短语作伴随状语。
翻译：从《AI by Design》中我们很快就会了解到，人工智能已经非常智能，并且将变得更加强大，从当前的“狭义人工智能”一代向通用人工智能发展。
17. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五]
You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是You’ll compete …, save …, experience …, and boost…，其中when引导时间状语从句。
翻译：你将与更少的游客竞争，节省开支，体验热门景点的另一面，并在传统的旅游淡季促进经济发展
。
18. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷完形填空]
Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句为…the problems are forgotten…，里面包含一个once引导的条件状语从句；Whatever引导让步状语从句。
翻译：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，只要你坐下来与亲朋好友大吃一顿，这些问题都会被忘得一干二净。
19. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空]
Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是Chinese cultural elements…add an international character to…，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang Xianzu。
翻译：纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为威廉-莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔的斯特拉福德增添了国际特色。
2024全国甲卷
0. [2024全国甲卷阅读理解B篇]
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately; why most pet cats are able to tell immediately为why引导的表语从句；if their owners were around any other cats为if引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语；which they don't usually like为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰说明它们的主人接触过其他猫的这种情况。
翻译：这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否曾接触过其他猫，而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。
21.[2024全国甲卷阅读理解D篇]
He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，均修饰各自前面的endings; even if引导让步状语从句;He suggested I think about ...中，suggest意为“建议”其后的宾语从句中用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了should。
翻译：他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。
22.[2024全国甲卷完形填空]
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese”为主谓宾补结构;“upside down”为副词短语作方式状语;破折号后面“a skill”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能;“that has turned out to be quite practical”为关系代词that 引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 skill;“especially whenever we share the newspaper”为副词 especially 修饰 whenever 引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。
翻译：这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文--这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。